Event-Related Potential Evidence for Involuntary Consciousness During Implicit Memory Retrieval

Event-Related Potential Evidence for Involuntary Consciousness During Implicit Memory Retrieval

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Classical notion claims that a memory is implicit if has nothing to do with consciousness during the information retrieval from storage, or is otherwise explicit.Here, we demonstrate event-related potential evidence for involuntary consciousness during implicit memory retrieval.We designed a passive oddball paradigm for retrieval of implicit memory in which an auditory stream of Shepard tones with musical pitch interval contrasts were delivered to the subjects.These contrasts evoked a mismatch Game Bird Supplements negativity response, which is an event-related potential and a neural marker of implicit memory, in the subjects with long-term musical training, but not in the subjects without.Notably, this response was followed by a salient P3 component Toys which implies involvement of involuntary consciousness in the implicit memory retrieval.

Finally, source analysis of the P3 revealed moving dipoles from the frontal lobe to the insula, a brain region closely related to conscious attention.Our study presents a case of involvement of involuntary consciousness in the implicit memory retrieval and suggests a potential challenge to the classical definition of implicit memory.